Dividing/Division
A method of propagating or increasing plants by splitting up roots, (either by digging,cutting or pulling apart), that have begun to get bound or grown together. Each divided section will have it's own root system and one or more buds. This will make several plants from one plant, and usually should be done to mature perennials every 3 to 4 years. This promotes vigorous plants and abundant blooms.

Articles
Dividing Perennials - University of Minnesota Extension

Examples
Iris and Hosta are perennials that are easily propagated by dividing.

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